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A dacha resident, visiting the market of farmers or producers of seedlings, will be amazed by the variety of varieties of apple trees, and all of them have delicious fruits in their own way.

However, this will only be a small selection of varieties from more than 7500 varieties grown all over the world. And sometimes it is very difficult to determine by appearance what kind of apple tree is in front of you.

Often it is simply impossible to tell by the appearance of an apple., what kind of variety is in front of you - there will be too many options that are similar to each other.

But often the challenge is to make sure before buying a seedling that they are selling you the exact variety for which the seller issues it. This task is already easier to solve. You will need to find and print out in advance a description and a photo of the variety you need (from a reliable source), and already when buying, carefully check with the appearance of the proposed seedling.

Often, already by the color of the bark, the shape of the leaves, the angle of inclination of the branches from the central trunk and other signs, one can see that the seedling does not somehow correspond to the description from the register of varieties, and then you should refrain from buying. These features will be discussed in this article.

How to determine by a tree, what kind of apple tree is in your hands? Varieties are determined by the following features:

• bark color;
• By skin color, fruit size;
• The size of apples;
• Aroma and firmness of apples;
• The shape of the crown and leaf blade and many other parameters.

So how do you know what's in front of the buyer?

Of the variety of apple trees, there are those that are easiest to recognize . They have pronounced distinctive features, which allows them to be quickly identified.

For example, it is impossible not to know apple tree Antonovka ordinary, because apples of such a fragrant bouquet are peculiar only to this variety. But what if the mother tree is far away, and in front of the buyer there is only a plate with "advertising" fruits and bunches of seedlings. It's more difficult here.

After all, the identification of varietal characteristics in a seedling requires the study of all the main morphological characters of each variety. And there are many of them, and this is a real problem for a simple gardener.

And first you need to find out young bark color and leaf shape that the proposed variety has, and then fruit ripening period until their ripeness. And at the very end look at color, shape and other characteristics of the fetus itself.

IMPORTANT! Find out in advance all the varietal characteristics of the apple tree using pomology, and only then look for its seedlings in order to check the compliance of the seedling with the description before buying!

Along the crown of the tree

Already in a young seedling it is noticeable what branch specificity and like a tree in the future. So, for example, sharp corners between a branch and a trunk, and the branching itself, similar to to the pyramid- This is a serious sign in determining the grade. So, for the variety type "Ural bulk" are characterized by almost drooping branches.

Ural bulk apple.

According to the external signs of a seedling?

The crown of the seedling in shape It happens:

• Reverse pyramidal;
• pyramidal;
• spherical;
• Round-ovoid;
• Spreading.

Crown shape.

Varieties also differ in the formation of branches of the next order and the type of branching itself (strong, weak). Branches and twigs are thin and thick.

CAREFULLY! When choosing seedlings, carefully inspect them so as not to bring dangerous pests or diseases to the site.

By ripening time

According to the period of fruit formation apple varieties are divided into:

• Summer;
• autumn;
• Winter.

And according to them keeping quality there are young and stale ones, and if for “summer apples” the maximum shelf life is 21 days, then storable “winter apples” can be stored for almost 9 months!

By seeds

Seeds in an apple are:

• Tightly closed with seed cupules;
• Semi-open;
• Fully open.

The apple seeds themselves are divided into small, medium and large. And their colors vary light and dark shades of brown or grayish chestnut. In form they are:

• Flat and plump;
• Long and short ones.

By bark color

Also a sign of the variety is young bark color, which happens on the branches of last year's growth. She happens:

• Grayish herbal;
• Brownish mouse;
• Dark gray;
• Light coffee;
• Yellow chocolate;
• Reddish chestnut;
• Brown.

For example, an old variety of apple trees from the EU "Ebony" is so named for the black-brown color of the bark of most branches and branches.

By the leaves

The most important indicator of each variety type is its leaves. They may differ in size, configuration, color and curvature along the central leaf vein.

To size leaves are:

• Large;
• medium size;
• Small.

By configuration:

• oblong;
• Ellipsoid;
• ovoid;
• obovate;
• Almost round.

Along the edge of the sheet

Another important feature for determining a variety is the edge of the leaf blade, which happens:

• Gorodchaty (slices of the indented edge are large or small, but always rounded);
• Serrated (slices are sharp).

But occasionally there are serrated and double-crested.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! White filling has leaves with a serrated edge, while Papirovka has a crenate leaf edge.

By flower (during flowering)

By the flowers themselves (their shade and shape of the petals), only a professional can determine the variety. And here by flowering time apple trees it is already easier to determine what kind of variety type.

Only a professional can determine the variety by the shape of the flower.

Because the apple trees are blooming from 8 days to two weeks, and these terms are constant for each particular variety. Only with a sharp cold snap or dank weather, flowering stretches for two decades.

Attention! Sometimes the color of the petals can change due to top dressing with micronutrients, so this is not a reliable indicator of grading!

Fruit shape

Also, the appearance of the apple itself is used as a sign of determining the variety. On our website, this is one of the most popular questions - "Help identify the variety from the photo of an apple."

How to find out the variety of an apple tree by an apple? For research, we take typical fruits from the studied tree (those that are most often found on the studied apple tree) and which are well lit by the sun.

In order to determine the variety of apple trees by fruits, they are first classified by size. They are divided into:

• Very large;
• Large;
• Large;
• Medium;
• Below average;
• small;
• Tiny (berry forms of apple trees).

According to the shape of the fruit apples are divided into:

1. planar;
2. semicircular;
3. Flat-round or oval;
4. Correctly wide-conical;
5. Back conical;
6. conical;
7. Ellipsoid;
8. Rounded with edges;
9. Elongated oval;
10. Round-cylindrical;
11. similar to a cylinder.

Apple fruit shapes.

According to the chemical composition of the apple

How to determine the apple variety by apple from the point of view of science? It is possible to determine the grade by the chemical composition of an apple. But for summer residents and small gardeners it will be very difficult. But according to the state of the apple pulp itself, the definition is quite possible. So, pulp happens:

• cast;
• loose;
• Gentle;
• Tough.

Useful videos

In this video you will see a description of the main winter varieties of apple trees:

The video below describes the main early summer varieties of apple trees:

Description of the autumn varieties of apple trees, see the video below:

Conclusion

Having learned the features of the structure of the apple tree, the departure of skeletal branches, the configuration of the leaves, the type of leaf edge, you can make sure even before fruiting whether the purchased seedling is the variety indicated by the seller.

The above in the article tips are easy, and if you stick to them, then when buying apple seedlings, the owner will be better protected from changing the variety.

In contact with

We know a lot. Much more than about tangerines and bananas. However, we still don't know much. That's getting to know her. And its fruits - apples:

• The name of the fruit, and indeed the tree itself, has Old Slavonic “ablъko”, and Indo-European “ablu” roots;
• A vast area where it has long been growing. America, Europe, Australia, Africa and Asia. But it is grown in places where climatic conditions are moderate. Not only in individual farms, but also on an industrial scale. Germany, Italy, Poland, France. China, Türkiye. Canada, USA. Argentina. Australia. SOUTH AFRICA;
• The diverse climate of the post-Soviet space is very suitable for growing a wide variety of varieties of apple trees. There are famous varieties with centuries-old traditions;
• Scientists and enthusiasts were especially successful in creating new varieties. Including in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine;
• But we bring apples from Poland and Turkey. Maybe sanctions will help in this situation. And we will pay more attention to our native varieties. No less tasty and attractive to look at. Able to give excellent apples and in harsh conditions. Not to mention the southern regions.

• Vitamins - from the letter A to the end of the alphabet;
• Pectins that remove toxins and tannins;
• Fiber, ridding your body of cholesterol;
• For diabetics - glucose, fructose and sucrose;
• Acids - citric, malic and even tartaric;
• A set of metals - calcium, potassium, magnesium, copper and iron;
• Carotene and essential oils.

Most people like to eat them fresh. Especially if it is large and tasty fruit. And with beautiful coloring fruits:

• White;
• Greens;
• yellow;
• Red;
• Burgundy;
• With blush and without;
• With a set of all listed colors.

With pleasure, use prepared from apples:

• Jam and jam;
• Jams and marmalade;
• Juices and sauces;
• Pies and pies;
• Cider and Calvados.

Have you ever discussed the harmful effects of eating apples? And how without harm. After all, fat is not for everyone!

Early varieties of apple trees

First of all you pay attention to summer varieties of apple trees. And there are early years. Other times it doesn't matter that they taste sour. After all, they are the first.

What are their features and differences:

• Removable maturity of these apples occurs at the end of July and until mid-August. It is clear that you start eating them earlier;
• And in different climate regions, these terms are not the same. Where before. And where and later. But you yourself know this.

Remember!

• Removable and consumer maturity of these varieties practically coincides;
• Provide for the rapid processing of early apples or their sale;
• More than 2-3 weeks they are not stored. And if the fruits are preserved, their qualities have disappeared. They don't like apples and potatoes.

These can be varieties:

Photo and description of varieties

White filling

Please note:

• White filling is not Papirovka. Each variety has its own history and differences;
• Apples get smaller with age;
• They require care and attention. But the apples are worth it!

You can read more about the White Filling apple variety.

If you think that the photo below is another photo of the White Fill, you are mistaken.

This Papirovka (Alabaster).

Papirovka (In the Baltic States Popierinis)

Can you spot the differences with the White Fill?

• Pay attention to the existing ribs, or the so-called seam on the fruit.
• And the leaf sizes are different. Slightly larger than the White filling. As are apples.

Other characteristics:

• Resistance to ;
• frost;
• Keeping quality - only one and a half to two months.

Many people call Papirovka White Pouring. As a child, apple trees of various shapes grew near the house. Both were called White Fill. Papirovka did not know the names ...

You can find out more about the apple variety Papirovka.

Melba (Melba)

• Famous Canadian origin. You can say the most popular summer apple trees in Russia;
• Low by nature trees are easy to care for;
• Apples are basically the same size. Their weight fluctuates between 100 and 120 grams. In some favorable regions - even up to 200 grams. Rounded fruits with a delicate sweet and sour taste;
• Red stripes on a green background. And a blush given by the sun;
• When planting in your garden, be prepared to ward off disease. Especially ;
• And carry out agrotechnical measures for.

Read more about the Melba apple tree at.

Stark Earliest

• Bred by breeders of the American continent;
• Naturally stunted tree it is better to grow on clonal rootstocks;
• Fruits elongated in shape with a blush. Different in size and weight 110-130 grams. Depending on the load;
• Transportation is well tolerated;
• You can collect up to 80 kg from a tree. Ripened before White filling. They are also sweeter;
• Average indicators for counteracting diseases;
• The same applies to winter hardiness. But not everyone thinks so.

Please note! Not every year you will have a harvest.

Stark Earliest.

Quinty

• Released in Canada. Not so long ago - in 1986;
• Trees of medium height. With a wide crown. How do you form yourself?
• Medium-sized yellow-greenish apples with a characteristic orange color on the barrels;
• Taste - sweet and sour;
• The fruits ripen at the end of July;
• From a tree there can be more than 100 kg;
• Its ability to resist diseases () attracts the attention of gardeners. But mostly those who live in the southern regions;
• But also in the middle lane frost resistance wishes the best;
• When landing, think about how to help not to freeze;
• Very responsive to quality.

You can read more about the Quinti apple variety.

First salute

• Tall tree with spreading crown. Grown by Oryol breeders. For the Central Black Earth region. And not only;
• Sweet and sour aromatic apples with creamy pulp only 5-6 years after planting will appear on the apple tree;
• On their yellow-green background, pink stripes are clearly visible. Weighing up to 200 grams;
• In just 3 weeks, they can please you with a harvest. This is from mid-August;
• Plan ahead and use it. Or implement. There is little time;
• But not everyone evaluates frost resistance equally. From very good to average;
• And this despite the fact that apple trees can withstand up to minus forty degrees without freezing!

First fireworks.

You can find out more about the apple tree variety. The first salute you can find out.

Korobovka

• Sold in boxes. Here is the name;
• Withstands frosts and below 40 degrees;
• And not only frosts. And overcome drought. Even with minimal agricultural technology;
• They have known her since 1855. For over 150 years!
• AND cultivation geography - almost the entire eastern part of Europe;
• Oblong fruits with crimson stripes on a yellow-green background.

Please note!

• A vigorous tree will bring you the first fragrant apples only 6-7 years after planting. You can also wait!
• But not everyone is waiting. The fruits are not large - only about 50 grams. Even in zoned varieties it is no longer there. But the gardeners have. After all, apples are delicious!

Korobovka.

Read more about the Korobovka apple tree at.

Arkadik

• So affectionately called the variety and its appearance;
• In 3 years there will be the first apples. Small size. Elongated shape with a red blush on a green background;
• Placed evenly over the entire surface;
• Sweet and sour pulp, as it were, oily. And refreshing;
• Having landed in the garden, you will not have problems with scab.

Attention! The tree is vigorous. Requires appropriate care.

You will learn more about the Arkadik variety from.

wonderful

• Representative of dwarf apple trees of the Ural selection of Kotov. And the crown is wide;
• Large flattened apples. Often with ribs;
• Their weight is often up to 200 grams. Yellow-green apples with scarlet spots;
• The advantages of the variety experts include:
  • Full ;
  • And the first apples appear quite early. 3-4 years after planting.
• Variety bred as late summer for growing in difficult conditions of the Urals and the Volga region;
• Lovers of beautiful decorative forms will not be indifferent to a number of columnar apple trees of summer varieties.

You can read more about the Chudnoe apple variety.

Barguzin

• Already for the 3rd year will please with the first apples. Sweet and sour yellow apples with a red coating;
• Medium size;
• Harvests are annual. 5-8 kg from one tree. If not enough - you can plant 2-3 apple trees. After all, there are other varieties;
• Beautiful and convenient - a tree does not grow above 2 meters;
• Their winter hardiness is suitable for central Russia.

Barguzin.

silver hoof

• Ural selection L.A. Kotova;
• Trees small size with a rounded crown. Doesn't take up much space in the garden
• After 3-4 years, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Regularly and abundantly. Fruits with an average weight of 90-100 grams;
• Sweet and sour taste. Red-orange with stripes. With a wax coating;
• Winter hardiness is decent for growing regions - from Omsk to St. Petersburg;
• Even in the Urals it ripens in mid-August. Even earlier in areas to the south;
• More and more he is asked in nurseries.

Silver hoof.

Read more about the Silver Hoof apple tree at.

Robin

• Not everyone is familiar with it yet. Only since 1999 it has been in the State Register for the Central Region of Russia;
• Also called early autumn. After all, even until December it can be stored;
• Scab resistance is one of the advantages of the variety;
• Like high winter hardiness;
• Early fruiting. But the harvests will be good - up to 230 centners. True per hectare;
• Compact round shape;
• The original fruits are green with scarlet stripes;
• Average weight 120-130 grams;
• AND pleasant sweet and sour taste. Tasters give a score of 4.4 points.

Attention! Pick fruits on time. They may fall off.

Williams pride

• Immune to scab American variety. Some claim it is resistant to powdery mildew and scab;
• A vigorous and wide-crowned tree;
• The size (about 160-170 grams) of apples can surprise your friends. And up to 50 kg from an adult tree;
• But more than their appearance - almost purple color of rounded fruits. In descriptions, it is like burgundy red with a waxy coating;
• And also ripening dates - in early August in the southern regions. Near Kiev after August 10;
• Very pleasant sweet and sour taste.

Williams pride.

You can read more about the Williams Pride apple variety.

Early Geneva

• Do you want to eat apples before White filling? Plant and grow this particular Swiss variety;
• A very attractive apple. Ideal market early apples. Transportation is not afraid;
• Medium dwarf tree requires good care. . A solid harvest requires it. Already after two years. How they planted Including;
• Including disease prevention. Especially scab;
• And they will juicy apples about 150 grams;
• Apples can be stored for only a couple of weeks;
• But they can be used not only for fresh consumption. Even for making wine.

Airlie Geneva.

You can find out more about the Earley Geneva apple variety.

Moscow Grushovka (Skorospelka, Petrushka, Spasovka)

• One of the most winter-hardy varieties of early apples. Even up to 50 degrees of frost withstand! Since 1797;
• From the age of five, it begins to bear fruit. Already at the end of July. Although not large - about 100 grams.
• Lemon color with scarlet stripes. But after all, up to 100 kg per tree;
• But in areas with a milder climate, gardeners give preference to other varieties. After all, she is not so resistant to diseases. Especially during rainy seasons. As you would like.

Moscow pear.

Read more about the Moscow Grushovka apple tree at.

Kovalenkovskoe

• Belarusian selection. Named after the author;
• He is worth attention. Already grown not only in Belarus. And in Ukraine. And in Russia even in Siberia;
• Trees are low. The crown is compact. Very easy to care for;
• After 3 years you will be able to appreciate the taste of apples - juicy and sweet. But with sourness and aroma;
• big apples attract even more attention. Gardeners, farmers and buyers. Over 200 grams is not uncommon. Rather the norm;
• The blush covers almost the entire greenish surface. They ripen at the end of August. And they last 3-4 weeks.

Kovalenkovo.

You will learn more about the Kovalenkovskoye variety from.

Useful videos

Watch a video about early apple trees:

Watch a video about the apple tree White filling with fruits:

Watch the video about the Chudnoye apple tree:

Watch the video about the apple tree Airlie Geneve:

Conclusion

• You got acquainted with only some varieties of early apples. In my opinion, there are many of them to choose for your garden;
• There are gardeners who will name other varieties. The best for them. Which they are a long time;
• It is up to you to decide which of them to purchase in the nursery and grow yourself.

In contact with

The apple tree is the most popular fruit tree. Any even a novice gardener first of all wants to see this particular tree on his site. But how can a beginner figure out which variety to choose from all in order to enjoy these magnificent fruits for as long as possible. After all, different varieties of apples are good in their own way.

Classification of apple trees

To choose an apple tree that will be unpretentious in care and give a good harvest with juicy and sweet fruits, you need to get acquainted with what apples are. It will not be very correct to get acquainted with the varieties of apples alphabetically. To select a suitable crop, first of all, you need to take into account the climatic conditions where the fruit tree will grow, and some other factors.

The next step is to decide when you want to get the long-awaited harvest. To do this, you need to take a closer look at the classification of trees. Well, the last step is to get acquainted with specific varieties and their yields (how many kg of apples from one tree) and characteristics.

Apple trees are classified according to several criteria. When choosing a seedling, each of them must be taken into account, otherwise the long-awaited harvest may upset.

Variety of species

Each gardener needs to know what varieties of apples are in terms of ripening, early maturity, winter hardiness, application, tree height and crown type.

By precocity:

• late-fruiting - the harvest should be expected for 9-11 years;
• medium-fruited - fruiting begins at 6-8 years;
• early-growing - the first harvest of the apple tree gives in 3-5 years.

By winter hardiness:

• highly winter-resistant varieties - can withstand severe frosts of more than -40 degrees and not freeze;
• medium-hardy - withstand temperatures up to -35 degrees;
• low winter-hardy - can withstand temperatures of -27 degrees, recommended for southern regions.

On the use of fruits:

• fruit - all numerous varieties for food and household purposes;
• decorative - small trees or shrubs with a lush crown and lovely flowering. For the most part, the plant is frost-resistant. When choosing a species, great importance is attached to the duration of flowering, the density of green mass and the shade of foliage.

By tree height:

By tree crown type:

• weeping - these are mainly decorative species. The branches are lowered, it seems that the branches have simply drooped;
• columnar - the crown needs to be formed, compact. Life expectancy 15-17 years;
• standard or sprawling - the crown of the tree is sprawling, the branches grow in a horizontal direction.

Apple size:

• very large - have a fruit weight of 150 g;
• large - can be weighing 100-150 g;
• medium - 50-100 g;
• small - 10-50 g.

Apples of all varieties are equally useful and have a huge amount of substances useful for the body.

The benefits and harms of fruits for the body

The benefits of apples have been proven since ancient times. One fruit contains a huge amount of useful trace elements that are necessary for the human body. In its composition, apples have a whole storehouse of useful substances.

Fruit Composition:

Apples are good for people with diabetes. In addition, with the help of these wonderful fruits, you can get rid of constipation and cholesterol accumulations, remove toxins from the body, improve digestion, and normalize the circulatory system. Apples are a low-calorie product, so it is recommended to use it in dietary nutrition.

The product is often consumed raw, and it can also be used to prepare various confectionery dishes, compotes, jams, and light alcoholic beverages.

Do not use the product for people with gastrointestinal diseases, when taken, a relapse may occur, and the disease may worsen. This is the only case in which apples are not recommended.

In order to decide which variety to choose for planting, it is necessary to take into account several recommendations from experienced gardeners.

• for conservation and harvesting, you need to choose fragrant apples;
• columnar trees can additionally decorate the garden and increase the overall yield;
• varieties for planting must be selected suitable for a particular area;
• seedlings are selected only according to the state of the root system;
• making a choice in favor of sweet apples, you need to consider that they will be stored much less;
• it must be taken into account that sour and sweet-sour apples bear fruit more often and more.

In order to get a good harvest every year, it is necessary to correctly plant planting material, according to the type of apples with names, this is the main condition for an excellent future harvest.

Characteristics of varieties

Every gardener has a great desire to harvest a good crop from the site, so he needs to familiarize himself with the characteristics of different varieties with high yields of different varieties.

The best summer varieties:

Autumn harvest:

• Zhigulevsky is a very common variety. Its fruits have a red tint with pronounced stripes. In the cut, the pulp has a creamy color, coarse-grained, sweet and sour taste. Fruiting is very abundant. Morozov is afraid, but very resistant to diseases.
• Brown striped - the variety has been known for a very long time. The tree begins fruiting in September. The fruit has a yellow-green hue, all in bright red stripes. The apple has a delicate specific taste with a hint of cinnamon. On the cut, the flesh is yellowish with red streaks. The fruits are well stored, remain in excellent condition until the middle of winter. Of all the autumn varieties, the most winter-hardy.
• Anis Sverdlovsk - a compact variety of short stature. Apples have a sweet taste, the pulp is juicy, friable. The seedling begins to bear fruit at the age of 4. The variety is frost-resistant, susceptible to diseases. From one bush you can get a crop of up to 75 kilograms of excellent tasty apples.

Autumn apples have an excellent taste and are well stored. Apples from this period are great for canning.

Winter varieties:

Winter apples are great for fresh storage. Some varieties can be stored until May next year.

There are different types and varieties of apple trees that require a certain approach to the technology of their cultivation. We will consider the main types of crown formation, in which it is required to observe a certain distance when planting seedlings. You will also be offered the best varieties of modern apple trees, which are accompanied by brief descriptions and photos.

Apple trees are the most popular of all fruit trees - attractive in bloom and rewarding with a harvest. There are, of course, standard or classic apple trees, and this is discussed below, but they are not for the average site. It is much better to grow bushy trees if there is enough space. Where space is limited, a dwarf bushy, cordon row, or compact columnar is a much better choice. There are other types - trellis, fan, spindle-shaped, low horizontal cordons, etc.

With all of these growth patterns, your apple tree variety is very likely to need a pollination partner that blooms around the same time. The standard advice is to plant a pollinator variety in your garden, but in urban areas you will usually find one nearby. You can also grow a self-fertile variety, for example: "Queen Cox", "James Grieve" And "Arthur Turner", photos that can be found below.

The final stage is the collection of fruits. Apples are ready for harvest when they are easily removed with the stalk by lifting and turning slightly. Healthy fruits should be stored wrapped in newspaper and laid out in wooden trays in a cool, dry place.

Terms found in catalogs:

• Varieties with periodic fruiting;
• Varieties with a good harvest every two years;
• Varieties with fruiting on fruit twigs;
• Varieties that bear most of the fruit at the ends of annual shoots;
• Varieties with fruiting on ringlets;
• Varieties that bear all or most of the fruit on very short branches.

At what distance when planting to plant apple trees

At what distance to plant apple trees - largely depends on the variety and spreading of the crown of an adult tree. When planting apple trees, the distance is measured from the laying of the stem culture.

Lime the soil if it is very acidic, and provide a windbreak if the area is open. Plant the plant at the same depth at which it grew (according to the old soil mark); the vaccination site should be at a height of 10cm above the ground.

The distance between apple trees when planting semi-stem crops should be 5 m from each other. The interval for other types of growth is shorter: bushy- 4 m, dwarf bushy- 3m, dwarf bushy on rootstock M27- 2 m, cordons- 1 m, and 60 cm between compact columnar. Now you have information about what distance between apple trees should be when laying a garden.

apple fruit type

Depending on what type of apple fruit was chosen for cultivation, a varied harvest can be obtained.

Types of apple trees and their photos

Bushy types of apple trees are the most popular type, having an open center and a short trunk: bushy 60-75 cm, dwarf bushy - 45-60 cm. They quickly bear fruit and are easy to care for. The size of an adult plant is 2 m on M27 and up to 5.5 m on MM106.

Look at the standard types of apple trees in the photo and evaluate their attractiveness for your site.

big trees, grown on semi-dwarf or vigorous rootstocks, they are suitable only where there is a lot of space and high yields are required. In the standard stem, the height of the stem is 1.8-2 m, in the half-stem, it is 1.2-1.4 m.

Cordon is a single stem tree planted at a 45° angle and tied to a permanent support system. A dwarf rootstock is usually used, and vigorous ones are generally avoided. Constant hard pruning required.

Compact columnar- it has one main trunk with almost no lateral branches, which means that no pruning is required. The height after 5 years is about 2 m, and the special form of growth makes it suitable for lawns, containers and.

Growing apple rootstock

Growing an apple rootstock in many respects depends on its technology on the type of crop growth. The main principles are described below. Bushy and standard apple trees need to be pruned while dormant - the method shown below is the easiest way to prune mature trees. Tapestry, fan forms and cordons are cut in mid-July (southern regions) or early August (other regions).

Remove dry, diseased and damaged branches. Cut out intersecting branches and shoots growing into the center of the crown.

Then, in the inner part of the crown, one shoot is left to continue the leader. Cut out each side shoot that grows inside the crown and above the shoot of the continuation of the leader branch.

In the outer part of the crown, both leaders and side shoots are left.

Harvesting lots of small fruits can be a problem. If this happens, thin out some of the fruiting twigs and cut out some of the side growths.

In a variety with fruiting on fruit twigs, remove dry, diseased and damaged branches.

Then cut out some of the leading shoots and leave all the side shoots with flower buds at their tops.

What are the new best varieties of apple trees: photo and description

We bring to your attention new varieties of apple trees for cultivation in personal plots. Below, all varieties of apple trees are accompanied by descriptions and photos, which show individual vegetative parts and the tree as a whole. You can choose for yourself the best varieties of apple trees that allow you to get high yields. So, let's get down to learning what are the best varieties of apple trees that exist in the arsenal of a modern gardener.

ARTHUR TURNER

Autumn variety for culinary processing. The fruits are green with an orange blush. Pros include outstanding flower ornamentality, high yields, and reliability in northern areas. Does not require a pollinator variety.

ASHMEAD'S KERNEL

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are greenish-yellow with reddish-brown. Excellent taste is its only advantage - the apples are small and the yields are low. The traditional season of use is December-February.

BLENHEIM ORANGE

Autumn variety for culinary processing or dessert. The fruits are orange with a red blush and stripes. Best dual purpose apple. Excellent taste and high yields. Two-year fruiting frequency; a tendency to scab.

BRAEBURN

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are reddish green. An apple that is in demand in the UK, but has only recently appeared in orchards. Self fertile variety. The fruits are crispy, juicy, stored for 4 months.

BRAMLEY'S SEEDLING

Autumn variety for culinary processing. The fruits are green. A very popular apple for processing, but this variety is too vigorous for small orchards. Two-year fruiting frequency; partially bears fruit on fruit twigs.

COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are orange with an orange-red blush with reddish-brown patches. Variety for buying apples in the store, but not for the garden. Capricious, sensitive to frost.

DISCOVERY

Summer dessert. The fruits are bright red. Better than its parent 'Worcester Pearmain' but moderate yields. A good choice for a small garden. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

EGREMONT RUSSET

Summer dessert. The fruits are dull brown with reddish brown areas. The fruits are rather small, but of good taste - piquant and sweet.

GREENSLEEVES

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are green, turning into pale yellow. This is the one to grow if you are a fan of ‘Golden Delicious’. A high-yielding variety, but the taste deteriorates during storage. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

GRENADIER

Summer variety for culinary processing. The fruits are yellowish green. Common early variety for apple dishes. This is a good garden apple variety - hardy, compact, with excellent taste, but does not store well.

Winter grade dessert/for culinary processing. The fruits are yellow with a red blush. Outstanding keeping quality during storage - can be stored until April. They can be consumed freshly picked and also used for cooking, but the taste is nothing special.

JAMES GRIEVE

Summer dessert. The fruits are yellow with orange spots and stripes. A reliable and hardy variety that bears abundantly and regularly. The fruits are juicy with a bright taste, but it is stored rather poorly.

Lord Lambourne

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are greenish-yellow with a red blush and stripes. You can rely on it, as it regularly brings a bountiful harvest in almost any place. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

NEWTON WONDER

Winter grade for culinary processing. The fruits are yellow with a red blush and stripes. Vigorous variety, not suitable for small gardens. Yields are high and the fruit keeps well, but has a two-year fruiting cycle.

ORLEANS REINETTE

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are yellow with a red blush and reddish-brown spots. An 18th century variety that does have problems. Yields are low, and has a two-year fruiting cycle.

Probably the most common fruit in our country is an apple. Apple trees can be seen in every garden, in a country house or even just on a city street. An apple is an incredibly valuable product that contains many vitamins and minerals, it is especially valued because of iron.

Varieties are different: they can be winter, summer or autumn. Each species has its own distinctive features, as well as positive and negative qualities. Careful study of each type of apple tree helps to understand how to care for these plants, when to harvest and how long this crop will be stored.

Summer varieties of apple trees

"Melba"- a rather low plant, with a lush developed crown. This variety is often affected by scab and is moderately resistant to wintering. Already for 5-6 years, you can collect the first fruits from this tree. After the first fruiting, the tree gives good harvests every year, which fully ripen by the end of August. After collection, they will lie a little - only a month. Apples are not damaged during transportation.

The fruit has a round-conical shape. The surface of the apple is dotted with small stripes, and the sides are painted with an attractive blush. The average fruit weight of this variety is 100-120 grams. The apple itself is light green in color, with white flesh. The taste is sweet and sour, delicate.

- a small tree, with a rounded oval lush crown. Moderately resistant to frost, as well as various diseases and pests. The exception is scab, which especially affects the plant during rainy summers. From the moment of planting, at least 4 years must pass for the apple tree to begin to bear fruit. Harvests are formed annually. Already by mid-August, you can pick ripe, tasty, sweet and sour apples, light yellow in color. The average weight of one fruit reaches 100 grams. This variety after harvest can be stored for only 15 days, so the transportability is low. The shape of the apple is rounded, slightly conical. There is a small seam all over the surface.

- the tree is distinguished by a low structure with a flat-rounded crown. A winter-hardy variety that is also resistant to scab. For 4 years after planting, the tree can bring the first harvest. Annual fruiting allows you to pick apples weighing 100 grams. The fruits begin to ripen somewhere in early August (10 days before the apples ripen at Papirovka). Ripe fruit has a rounded shape (slightly flattened), its color is light yellow. The pulp is characterized by sweet taste and snow-white pulp.

- an apple tree with a moderate height, has a compact pyramidal crown. The variety is relatively winter-hardy, but can sometimes be affected by powdery mildew or scab. 4 years after planting, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Ripening occurs a week earlier than that of "Papirovka". Harvested apples will not be able to lie for a long time, because their shelf life does not exceed 20 days. The fruits are medium, 100 grams each. Round-conical shape of the fruit, with a blurry bright pink blush that spreads over almost the entire surface. It has a soft, juicy middle, with a sweet and sour taste. Due to the fact that ripening is uneven, it is best to harvest in several approaches.

- the tree has an average height, during the growth of which the appearance of the crown changes. In young apple trees, it is pyramidal, in adult plants it is round. The variety is moderately sensitive to frost, can easily become infected with scab. Already 2 years after planting, a plant grafted on a dwarf rootstock begins to bear its first fruits, and one that is grafted on an adult tree - after 5 years. The apple tree bears fruit every year. Fully fruit ripen only in August. The keeping quality is relatively good. So the harvested apple crop can be stored for up to 3 months. The fruits are medium - 100 grams each, can be of two shapes: round-conical or wide egg-shaped. Apples are light green in color with a yellowish tinge. The pulp is tender, juicy, uniform, snow-white in color. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness.

- a tall, confident tree, with broad pyramidal or spherical foliage. The variety is resistant to winter frosts. The apple tree bears fruit almost every year.

Maturity, which is necessary for harvesting, occurs only at the beginning of August, and the harvested fruits are not transportable. The fruits are small, their weight is about 100 grams. The color is light white, and the flesh is juicy, sweet, with sour notes.

- medium-sized tree with good winter hardiness. Due to the fact that the plant is susceptible to the effects of a disease such as scab, ripened fruits most often quickly fall off the branches. Starting from 5-6 years after planting, the apple tree is already bearing its first fruits. The crop can be harvested annually, with the exception of some disadvantaged years. The peak of ripeness of apples falls at the end of August - the beginning of September. Shelf life is limited - only 2-4 weeks. The fruit is round, a little flat, the average weight is 100 grams. There is a slight blush in the form of stripes on the peel. The core of the fruit is yellow, with juicy sweet and sour pulp.

- has a tall tree. Frost resistant. On a dwarf rootstock, you can harvest fruits after 3 years, and on a powerful rootstock - after 5 years. With the advent of August, apples begin to ripen, which are easily removed from the tree.

They have a round-conical shape, average weight (from 80 to 150 grams). This variety has an interesting fruit color: yellow-green color is combined with brown stripes. The taste is sweet.

- a powerful, tall apple tree, characterized by durability. The crown is lush, refined. Winter-hardy variety of apples. In mid-August, the fruits formed on the tree fully ripen and become suitable for consumption.

Keeping quality is small - up to 1 month. The size of the fruit is average - about 100 grams. The color is yellow. The flesh is somewhat rough, but sweet.

- is a medium-sized tree. The crown is round, dense, sometimes takes a pyramidal shape. The variety is winter hardy. On a dwarf rootstock, an apple tree is able to bear fruit for 4 years of life, and only for 7 years if the tree was grafted on a strong rootstock. Apples are subject to disruption only in mid-August - early September. On average, the fruit is small - about 100 grams each.

Correct, rounded shape and bright colors - a combination of light green and pink blush. Odorous pulp, sweet and sour taste, the presence of grains is moderate.

Autumn varieties of apple trees

- a tall, semi-spreading tree with a remarkable, pyramidal crown. The variety is resistant to drought, frost, but there have been cases of damage to such a disease as black cancer. After planting the plant, fruiting begins after 6 years. Only with the advent of September can you start harvesting. On average, 250 kg of apples can be harvested from one tree. The fruits are not large - 50-70 grams, rounded flattened, somewhat ribbed. The surface of the apple with a slight wax coating, the color is green with a dark cherry coating. The pulp is sweet and sour, juicy. The keeping quality is average - in general, under the right conditions, apples can be stored until the onset of winter. This variety has a drawback - fruiting does not always occur every year.

- a medium-growing plant, the crown is dense, rounded. It has a moderate sensitivity to scab, a fairly winter-hardy tree. Harvesting can take place annually, starting from the 6th year after planting. In September comes the removable maturity of apples. Each apple has a relatively high weight - 150 grams. The shape is repo-shaped or densely rounded. The color is light yellow, with a slight reddish blush. The pulp is fragrant, tasty, uniform, yellow in color. The variety shows excellent results of safety - in dark places it can lie until January, and in the refrigerator - until March. The main advantage is an excellent presentation.

- a tall plant with a paniculate crown. Leaf density is moderate. The variety is cold-resistant and has immunity to scab. At the 5th year of life, fruiting begins, which occurs annually in the future. In early September, it is already possible to harvest the first harvests of apples, the average weight of which reaches 120 grams. From one tree it turns out to pick more than 200 kg of apples per season. Preservation of fruits - 2 months. The shape of the apple is round, turnip-shaped. The color is yellow, the surface is diluted with a pink striped blush. Juicy, uniform pulp, sweet and sour taste.

- a spreading, tall tree with a dense crown. Frost-resistant variety with scab immunity. The first harvest most often occurs 5 years after planting. The ripeness of apples comes in early September, as evidenced by the bright red sides of the apples. The skin color is greenish-yellow. The pulp has a greenish tint, juicy, pleasant, sweet with sourness. The average weight of one fruit is 130 grams. Productivity - 130 kg per tree. This variety has the main advantage - it is a high yield. But there are also disadvantages, for example, the fact that the fruits quickly crumble from the branches due to uneven ripening.

- a medium-growing plant, with a wide, cone-shaped sparse crown. The variety is quite often affected by scab. The apple tree begins fruiting at the age of 5. Already in early September, it will be possible to collect the first crops. On average, about 200 kg of apples, 100 grams each, can be harvested from one tree. The collected fruits can lie until the beginning of January in cool rooms. An apple is shaped like a ball, slightly flattened. The fruit is colored golden yellow, and the sides are red or orange. Juicy flesh, sweet-sour taste.

- a tall plant, with a large, spreading crown. The variety is not afraid of cold and frost, is not affected by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit 5 years after planting and is famous for irregular harvests. The ripeness of apples begins with the advent of September. The shelf life of the crop is December-January. Each apple is quite large, it can reach 170 grams in weight. The peel is colored greenish-yellow, and the blush is striped-dotted (red). The pulp is homogeneous, juicy, sweet and sour. This variety has an excellent presentation, so it is suitable for commercial purposes.

- the height of this plant is medium, with a rounded crown. Foliage is moderate. The variety is endowed with scab resistance, and also easily tolerates winter frosts. After planting in the ground, fruiting occurs in the 5th year of the plant's life. At the end of September, it is already possible to collect ripe, juicy berries of large sizes. The weight of each fruit is from 130 to 160 grams. From one apple tree in a good year, it will be possible to collect about 100 kg of apples. The shape of the fruit is wide, round or round-conical. The fruit has an attractive, creamy surface with crimson-red flanks. Light creamy flesh and sweet, with sour notes, taste. Fruits have a long shelf life, and also contain a large amount of ascorbic acid.

- a low tree with rounded dense foliage. It is resistant to frost, as well as to a disease called "Scab". The first fruits can be harvested as early as the 5th year of the plant's life. The variety has a high yield. After harvesting, the fruit can be stored until the end of winter, in particular until February. Each apple weighs approximately 90 grams. Its shape is somewhat reminiscent of a turnip. The color of the fruit is golden yellow with red sides. As for the pulp, it is snow-white, with a greenish tint. Juicy, appetizing, with sour notes. The number of grains is small.

- a tree with a spreading, mighty crown, tall. Scab resistance is weak, but the variety easily tolerates frost. The apple tree begins to bear fruit only 5-7 years after planting. At the beginning of September it is already possible to reap the first harvests. Despite the fact that the plant has established itself as a high-yielding plant, it cannot boast of stable fruiting. Each fruit grows with a mass of 130 grams. In their form they represent an oval-conical figure. The color of the fruit is light cream, on the surface there is a scattering of small dots, the sides are red. Juicy pulp, unforgettable wine-sweet taste.

- a strong, slender tall plant, with lush, cone-shaped foliage. Differs in frost resistance and resistance to scab. The first fruits are formed only 3-4 years after planting. Fruiting is long - apples reach maturity with the onset of August - early September. The yield is average - from an apple tree up to 70 kg of fruits, 50-70 grams each. The shape of the apples is round-conical, with an attractive color: cream with a bright purple striped blush. Inside the ripened fruit is juicy, fragrant, tender, sweetish-sour.

Winter varieties of apple trees

- a tree with an oval crown, quite tall. Despite the fact that the variety is winter-hardy, scab damage takes place. Only 8 years after planting, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Ripening continues until mid-September. The yield is excellent: on average, you can collect up to 200 kg of apples from one plant. Each apple grows up to 100 grams. The fruit has a long shelf life (2 to 4 months). The shape is rounded, slightly flattened below. The representative of "Antonovka" is yellow-green in color, with yellow juicy flesh and a remarkable sweet and sour taste. This variety is distinguished by high fruit quality and annual fecundity.

- the plant is tall, in the process of growth it receives a lush, rounded crown. Fruiting begins 5 years after planting. By the end of September, all formed fruits reach their removable maturity. Apples are large, with excellent presentation, their weight is from 200 to 250 grams. The shelf life of this variety is long: the harvested crop can lie in a cool, dark place until the end of February. Frost and scab resistance is average. The shape of the fruit resembles a wide cone. The color is yellow-green, but a rich purple blush occupies a large surface. The middle is yellow, homogeneous, with sour notes.

- a tree of large size, with a lowered crown. It is endowed with natural resistance to scab and to severe frosts. The fruits begin to ripen in late September - early October. The harvested crop can lie without damage until mid-May. Apples are small - on average, no more than 140 grams each. The shape is conical, slightly rounded. The color is green-yellow with a little light red color on the sides. The crumb is white, fresh, sweet, but there is sourness.

- the height of this plant is medium, the crown is flat-rounded, with developed foliage. The fruits are formed small - only 100 grams, greenish-yellow hue. The variety has good resistance to frost, scab and fungal diseases. Removable maturity comes with the advent of September. Shelf life - until February. The core is juicy, dense, fine-grained, sour-sweet. The main advantage of the variety is its dessert purpose.

- a strong, sprawling apple tree, with a thick, slightly inclined crown. The variety is resistant to scab and also tolerates frost well. After budding, the apple tree begins to bear abundant fruit from year to year. The fruits have a long shelf life - until March. Apples are slightly flattened, spherical, with a weight of 100 grams. The fetus has a slight ribbing. Light green apples have a slight purple blush on the sides. The pulp is rich, uniform, sour-sweet, with a moderate amount of grains. The plant needs regular pruning, otherwise the fruits become smaller over the years.

- the apple tree is famous for its dense, beautiful crown and high growth. Scab resistance is available, as well as moderate frost resistance. Already with the advent of September, the fruits enter the active phase of ripening. The yield of this variety is high - more than 200 centners from a plot of one hectare. The size of apples is small - about 120-140 grams each. The shape is correct, slightly flattened. The surface of the fruit is greenish-yellow, with small spots and red sides. Blurred stripes may also be present in the color. The pulp is refreshing, tasty, tender.

- this apple tree has a powerful, low structure and a densely leafy structure. Average winter hardiness, there is immunity to powdery mildew and scab. The formation of the crop begins at the 6th year of life. High-yielding variety - 200 centners of fruits per hectare. The maximum keeping quality reaches 250 days from the date of collection. The fruits are medium, weighing up to 100 grams, greenish-yellow in color, with a barely noticeable reddish tint. Aesthetic elongated conical shape. The middle is juicy, moderately grainy, sweet and sour.

- the tree has a rounded, dense crown and medium height. Winter-hardy, endowed with resistance to scab, variety. Yield indicators border on high levels - up to 300 centners of apples can be easily harvested per hectare. At the end of September, the resulting fruits begin to ripen. The harvested crop can lie for several months, until the beginning of spring. Each apple in weight reaches 100 grams, and in its shape resembles a regular circle. Attractive green-yellow hue and purple flanks. Characteristic of this crop is sweet and sour taste, white color of the middle, excellent transportability. There are also disadvantages - small fruits in cases where the tree is overcrowded or pruning is not carried out.

- a moderately growing tree, with a dense, but drooping crown with age. The variety has medium frost resistance and medium immunity to scab. From the moment of growth of the occulant, the apple tree begins to bear fruit only for the 6th year. The average yield is up to 110 c/ha. Ripening occurs in early September, and the shelf life is until May. Apples are relatively small - 100-130 grams each. The shape is rounded, slightly flattened. The surface of the fruit is green, with a barely visible blush. Homogeneous pulp with pleasant, sweet and sour notes.